Essential Ocean Safety Tips for Surfers Residents Understanding Waves Currents and Lifeguard Signals

May 18

3 min read

Jax Beach Lifeguards prepared to get in rescue action.

The ocean offers endless enjoyment for residents and surfers along our coastline, but it also demands respect and knowledge to stay safe. Understanding the natural forces at play, such as under tow, tidal flows, and rip currents, can make the difference between a fun day and a dangerous situation. This post breaks down these ocean dynamics, shares practical safety tips, and explains how to communicate effectively with lifeguards when help is needed.

One of the "Sandbar Sofa Surfers Academy" handouts given to entry level surfers.

Understanding Under Tow and Tidal Flow

One of the most misunderstood ocean phenomena is the under tow. This occurs when waves break on the shore and the water that rushes up the beach returns seaward beneath the incoming waves. Unlike rip currents, which flow outward in narrow channels, under tow is a broad, gentle seaward movement of water beneath the surface.

The strength and direction of under tow depend heavily on the tidal flow between high and low tides. When the tide is coming in (flood tide), water moves toward the shore, often weakening the under tow. When the tide is going out (ebb tide), the under tow strengthens as water flows back to the ocean, sometimes catching swimmers and surfers off guard.

Key Points About Under Tow

It is a natural return flow of water beneath breaking waves.
It can pull swimmers slightly seaward but is generally not strong enough to drag them far.
Its strength varies with the tide and wave size.

Natural Tidal Currents and Their Changes

Our coastline experiences natural tidal currents that shift with the incoming and outgoing tides. These currents are predictable but can be powerful, especially near inlets, rocky points, or narrow channels.

Incoming tide (flood tide): Water moves toward the shore, often increasing wave height and pushing currents landward.
Outgoing tide (ebb tide): Water moves away from the shore, strengthening seaward currents like under tow and rip currents.

Understanding these tidal changes helps surfers choose the best times to enter the water and avoid strong currents that can be exhausting or dangerous.

Rip Currents and Their Tidal Charge

Rip currents are narrow, fast-moving channels of water flowing away from the shore. They form when waves break unevenly along the beach, creating a path of least resistance for water to return to the ocean.

Rip currents are tidally charged, meaning their strength and location can change with the tide. During ebb tide, rip currents often become stronger and more dangerous because more water is flowing back to the sea.

How to Identify Rip Currents

Look for a channel of churning, choppy water.
Notice a difference in water color, often darker or murkier.
Watch for a break in the wave pattern where waves don’t break as strongly.
Observe floating debris or foam moving steadily seaward.

What to Do If Caught in a Rip Current

Stay calm and don’t fight the current.
Swim parallel to the shore to escape the narrow rip channel.
Once free, swim back to the beach at an angle.
If you cannot swim out, float or tread water and signal for help.

Lifeguard Signals and Beach Safety

Lifeguards play a critical role in keeping beachgoers safe. They use lookout chairs and scan specific sections of the beach to monitor swimmers and surfers. Knowing the right distress signals can save lives.

Common Distress Signals to Use

Jeremie showing us an example of the universal distress signal. Now remember to move your hand and arm up and down while yelling or some sort of loud audible signal to get the attention you need to save your life.

Raise one arm straight up and wave it slowly.
Call out loudly for help if possible.
Use a whistle or other noise-making device if available.

Lifeguards respond quickly to these signals, but it’s important to communicate clearly and calmly.

Practical Beach Safety Tips

Beyond understanding currents and signals, here are some practical tips to stay safe:

Wear appropriate swimwear and footwear: Rash guards protect against sun and abrasions. Water shoes help avoid sharp rocks or shells.
Check local tide charts and surf reports: Plan your time in the water around safer tidal conditions.
Never swim alone: Always have a buddy or stay near lifeguard stations.
Know your limits: If you’re tired or unsure, stay in shallow water.
Keep hydrated and use sunscreen: Protect your body from sun exposure and dehydration.